There is no clear evidence to suggest that criminals in democratically left-governed states are less harshly punished than in democratically right-governed states. The criminal justice system and sentencing practices can vary widely within and between different countries, regardless of their political leanings. Factors such as the specific laws in place, the discretion of judges, and the overall societal attitudes towards crime and punishment can all play a significant role in determining the severity of punishments for criminals. Therefore, it is important to consider a range of factors beyond just the political orientation of a state when comparing punishment practices. **

The German Empire was governed as a federal monarchy with a strong central government. The Emperor, or Kaiser, held significant power and authority, with the ability to appoint and dismiss the Chancellor and other key officials. The Chancellor, appointed by the Kaiser, was the head of government and responsible for implementing policies and managing the administration. The federal structure allowed for a degree of autonomy for individual states, but ultimate authority rested with the central government. The government was dominated by the conservative elite, and the Reichstag, the lower house of the parliament, had limited power in comparison to the executive branch. **

In the early Middle Ages, cities were often governed by a combination of local nobility, clergy, and wealthy merchants. The ruling elite would form a council to make decisions on matters such as trade, defense, and infrastructure. The city's ruler, whether a king, prince, or bishop, would also have authority over the city and its governance. Additionally, some cities had charters that granted them certain rights and privileges, allowing them a degree of self-governance. **

No, Germany is currently being governed by a center-right government. The current ruling coalition is made up of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the Social Democratic Party (SPD). The CDU/CSU is a center-right party, while the SPD is a center-left party. The current Chancellor, Angela Merkel, is a member of the CDU. Therefore, Germany is not being governed by a left-wing government at this time. **

It is impossible to predict the future with certainty, but the AfD (Alternative for Germany) has gained support in recent years and has become a significant political force in Germany. However, it is unclear if they will be able to gain enough support to govern the country in the future, as they have faced internal divisions and controversy. Additionally, the German political landscape is dynamic, and the rise of the AfD has also led to increased opposition and mobilization from other political parties and civil society. Therefore, while the AfD's influence cannot be discounted, it is uncertain if they will govern Germany in the future. **

The answer to whether Germany should be governed more to the right and more conservatively depends on individual perspectives and values. Some may argue that a shift towards conservative policies could bring stability and traditional values to the country. However, others may believe that a more centrist or left-leaning approach is necessary to address current social and economic challenges. Ultimately, the decision should be made based on what is best for the overall well-being and progress of the country and its citizens. **

It is difficult to determine which federal state has been governed the best in the last 70 years as each state has its own unique challenges and successes. However, some states that are often considered to have been governed well include California, Texas, and Massachusetts. These states have seen economic growth, investment in education and infrastructure, and effective governance that has improved the quality of life for their residents. Ultimately, the assessment of which state has been governed the best is subjective and depends on various factors and perspectives. **

One can argue that a state governed by the rule of law is more likely to be just compared to a state that is not. The rule of law ensures that laws are applied consistently and fairly to all individuals, regardless of their status or power. This helps to prevent arbitrary decision-making and promotes equality before the law. However, the mere presence of the rule of law does not guarantee a perfectly just society, as laws themselves can be unjust or biased. Ultimately, the justness of a state governed by the rule of law depends on the content and application of its laws, as well as the effectiveness of its legal system in upholding justice and protecting human rights. **